How to Know When You Have Full Tank of Gas on Motorcycle
Russia has the biggest gas reserves in the world and actively sells information technology abroad. The dependence of the country's economy on its raw materials has long been a pop meme - a diptych by contemporary creative person Vasily Lozhkin shows Mother Oil and Father Gas in human form. But how did it come up almost? Here are our answers to this and other questions about Russian gas.
How much gas does Russian federation have?
Cygnus Passage tankship in Sakhalin.
Sergei Krasnoukhin/TASS
More than any other country. According to the Accounts Bedroom, the key state bureau supervising the work of the authorities, Russian federation has the largest gas reserves in the world and the sixth largest oil reserves and holds a leading share of the world'south reserves of nickel, platinoids, golden, iron ores and many other minerals.
The gross value of Russia's explored and provisionally estimated mineral reserves stands at 28 trillion U.Due south. dollars in world market prices. Oil, gas and coal business relationship for 3 quarters of this amount. At the same time, the country has enough proven natural gas reserves to last more than 50 years.
"Russia has the largest volume of proven natural gas reserves, amounting to nigh 20 percentage of world reserves," says Oleg Cherednichenko, associate professor at the economic theory department of the Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics.
Comprehensive Gas Handling Unit of measurement 2C at the Zapolyarnoye oil, gas and condensate field.
Gazprom/Global Wait Printing
In total, Russia's gas reserves are estimated at 38 trillion cubic meters. It is followed by Iran with 32 trillion cu. thousand and Qatar with 24.7 trillion cu.m.
How much natural gas does Russian federation sell?
Gas-transfer station in Belousovo. Kaluga Oblast, western Russia.
Anton Kavashkin/Global Look Printing
In 2019, Russian gas monopoly Gazprom exported a total of 236.nine billion cu. m. of gas. The effigy is one of the highest in the company'south history.
This included 199.2 billion cu. m. to the countries of the "far abroad" - i.e. outside the former USSR. This amounts to 98.7 percent of the record prepare in 2018 and is ii.5 percent more than in 2017. Supplies to some European countries, including France, Austria, Republic of hungary and the Netherlands, reached their highest e'er levels.
A tankship at the Finnish Gulf.
Yevgeny Biyatov/Sputnik
In 2020, owing to the coronavirus pandemic, the volume of gas supplies is expected to fall. According to Gazprom's ain estimates, supplies to countries of the "far abroad" will amount to 165-170 billion cu. k. in 2020.
How did Russia become a gas exporter?
Gaz drilling rig in Yamal.
Alexei Fillipov/Sputnik
Large reserves and low production costs are the two main factors behind Russia being the largest natural gas exporter in the globe for many years at present.
"Even taking into business relationship the long transport corridor to EU countries, the lesser-line toll of gas to the border is lower than is the case with the overwhelming bulk of Russia's competitors," says Dmitry Gordeyev, senior enquiry associate at the Eye for the Study of Sectoral Markets of the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. He says the availability of large-chapters consign pipelines makes information technology possible to supply natural gas in the required volumes without being restricted past throughput limitations.
Volition Russia manage to maintain this status?
Vankorskoe gas field in Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Ramil Sitdikov/Sputnik
It is at least working strenuously to maintain it. For instance, Russia has recently been actively developing liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. This allows independent producers, who are prevented by legislation from exporting gas via a pipeline, to get involved in the exportation of natural gas and likewise reduces political gamble through the diversification of export routes.
The most vivid example of this is the supply of gas to China. A 30-year agreement was signed in 2014 between Gazprom and the Prc National Petroleum Corporation under which Gazprom's contractual deliveries to China were set as follows:
- 5 billion cu. m. in 2020
- 10 billion cu. m. in 2021
- 15 billion cu. m. of gas in 2022.
According to Oleg Cherednichenko, even despite the fact that the current surroundings on the globe market place is unfavorable to Russia, the probability that it tin can retain its condition as the leading gas exporter is very high.
Yamal SPG gas plant.
Vladimir Pesnya/Sputnik
"Whether Russia will maintain its leading position among natural gas exporting countries largely depends not on economical, just political considerations," says Dmitry Gordeyev. According to Gordeyev, Russian federation's explored gas reserves and the evolution of export routes will, from the economic point of view, allow gas to exist delivered abroad at competitive prices for many decades to come. Moreover, a tendency can be observed around the world to substitute natural gas for such sources of energy as coal and oil.
What is preventing Russia from selling even more than gas?
The construction of Nord Stream two.
Axel Schmdt/Sputnik
Russian federation mainly supplies gas on long-term contracts based on "take-or-pay" provisions. That means that if the client fails to "take up" the pre-arranged quantity of gas, he will still take to pay for the deliveries. The reason is that the gas supply infrastructure is very expensive and requires substantial technological solutions.
For example, Russia's Gazprom has built an extension of the North Stream gas pipeline along the Baltic seabed, in order to sell gas to Federal republic of germany and ii undersea gas pipelines - Blueish Stream and TurkStream - to supply the Turkish market. The cost of these projects tin can but be recouped by means of long-term contracts. With prices for hydrocarbons having fallen on the world market, even so, piped gas is losing out to LNG, which is more "flexible".
"A ready infrastructure is the main source of achieving the optimum residual in determining the prime cost of extraction and delivery of 'blue fuel' and, consequently, determining a competitive toll," says Oleg Cherednichenko.
This is why Russian federation has decided to additionally go down the LNG route. In future, Russia's share of LNG on the world market place could reach 25 per centum of globe volumes, Energy Minister Alexander Novak said recently, but without giving a precise timescale.
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Source: https://www.rbth.com/business/332975-russia-worlds-largest-gas-exporter
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